本篇文章帶大家了解一下angular中的HttpClientModule模塊，介紹一下請(qǐng)求方法、請(qǐng)求參數(shù)、響應(yīng)內(nèi)容、攔截器、Angular Proxy等相關(guān)知識(shí)，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助！
該模塊用于發(fā)送 Http 請(qǐng)求，用于發(fā)送請(qǐng)求的方法都返回 Observable 對(duì)象。
1、快速開(kāi)始
1）、引入 HttpClientModule 模塊
// app.module.ts
import { httpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http';
imports: [
httpClientModule
]2）、注入 HttpClient 服務(wù)實(shí)例對(duì)象，用于發(fā)送請(qǐng)求
// app.component.ts
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
export class AppComponent {
constructor(private http: HttpClient) {}
}3）、發(fā)送請(qǐng)求
import { HttpClient } from "@angular/common/http"
export class AppComponent implements OnInit {
constructor(private http: HttpClient) {}
ngOnInit() {
this.getUsers().subscribe(console.log)
}
getUsers() {
return this.http.get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users")
}
}2、請(qǐng)求方法
this.http.get(url [, options]); this.http.post(url, data [, options]); this.http.delete(url [, options]); this.http.put(url, data [, options]);
this.http.get<Post[]>('/getAllPosts')
.subscribe(response => console.log(response))3、請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
1、HttpParams 類
export declare class HttpParams {
constructor(options?: HttpParamsOptions);
has(param: string): boolean;
get(param: string): string | null;
getAll(param: string): string[] | null;
keys(): string[];
append(param: string, value: string): HttpParams;
set(param: string, value: string): HttpParams;
delete(param: string, value?: string): HttpParams;
toString(): string;
}2、HttpParamsOptions 接口
declare interface HttpParamsOptions {
fromString?: string;
fromObject?: {
[param: string]: string | ReadonlyArray<string>;
};
encoder?: HttpParameterCodec;
}3、使用示例
import { HttpParams } from '@angular/common/http';
let params = new HttpParams({ fromObject: {name: "zhangsan", age: "20"}})
params = params.append("sex", "male")
let params = new HttpParams({ fromString: "name=zhangsan&age=20"})4、請(qǐng)求頭
請(qǐng)求頭字段的創(chuàng)建需要使用 HttpHeaders 類，在類實(shí)例對(duì)象下面有各種操作請(qǐng)求頭的方法。
export declare class HttpHeaders {
constructor(headers?: string | {
[name: string]: string | string[];
});
has(name: string): boolean;
get(name: string): string | null;
keys(): string[];
getAll(name: string): string[] | null;
append(name: string, value: string | string[]): HttpHeaders;
set(name: string, value: string | string[]): HttpHeaders;
delete(name: string, value?: string | string[]): HttpHeaders;
}let headers = new HttpHeaders({ test: "Hello" })5、響應(yīng)內(nèi)容
declare type HttpObserve = 'body' | 'response'; // response 讀取完整響應(yīng)體 // body 讀取服務(wù)器端返回的數(shù)據(jù)
this.http.get(
"https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users",
{ observe: "body" }
).subscribe(console.log)6、攔截器
攔截器是 Angular 應(yīng)用中全局捕獲和修改 HTTP 請(qǐng)求和響應(yīng)的方式。（Token、Error）
攔截器將只攔截使用 HttpClientModule 模塊發(fā)出的請(qǐng)求。
ng g interceptor <name>
6.1 請(qǐng)求攔截
@Injectable()
export class AuthInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {
constructor() {}
// 攔截方法
intercept(
// unknown 指定請(qǐng)求體 (body) 的類型
request: HttpRequest<unknown>,
next: HttpHandler
// unknown 指定響應(yīng)內(nèi)容 (body) 的類型
): Observable<HttpEvent<unknown>> {
// 克隆并修改請(qǐng)求頭
const req = request.clone({
setHeaders: {
Authorization: "Bearer xxxxxxx"
}
})
// 通過(guò)回調(diào)函數(shù)將修改后的請(qǐng)求頭回傳給應(yīng)用
return next.handle(req)
}
}6.2 響應(yīng)攔截
@Injectable()
export class AuthInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {
constructor() {}
// 攔截方法
intercept(
request: HttpRequest<unknown>,
next: HttpHandler
): Observable<any> {
return next.handle(request).pipe(
retry(2),
catchError((error: HttpErrorResponse) => throwError(error))
)
}
}6.3 攔截器注入
import { AuthInterceptor } from "./auth.interceptor"
import { HTTP_INTERCEPTORS } from "@angular/common/http"
@NgModule({
providers: [
{
provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS,
useClass: AuthInterceptor,
multi: true
}
]
})7、Angular Proxy
1、在項(xiàng)目的根目錄下創(chuàng)建 proxy.conf.json 文件并加入如下代碼
{
"/api/*": {
"target": "http://localhost:3070",
"secure": false,
"changeOrigin": true
}
}/api/*：在應(yīng)用中發(fā)出的以 /api 開(kāi)頭的請(qǐng)求走此代理
target：服務(wù)器端 URL
secure：如果服務(wù)器端 URL 的協(xié)議是 https，此項(xiàng)需要為 true
changeOrigin：如果服務(wù)器端不是 localhost， 此項(xiàng)需要為 true
2、指定 proxy 配置文件 (方式一)
"scripts": {
"start": "ng serve --proxy-config proxy.conf.json",
}3、指定 proxy 配置文件 (方式二)
"serve": {
"options": {
"proxyConfig": "proxy.conf.json"
},
}該模塊用于發(fā)送 Http 請(qǐng)求，用于發(fā)送請(qǐng)求的方法都返回 Observable 對(duì)象。
