縱觀近幾年的藝術(shù)品收藏市場(chǎng)，可見(jiàn)文玩清供中將“筆筒文化”推向高峰的康熙青花筆筒特別引人注目，這說(shuō)明隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，華夏文明中的傳統(tǒng)文化越來(lái)越受到人們重視，而作為“筆筒大王”的康熙青花筆筒受到藏家的追捧，則標(biāo)志著它正逐漸恢復(fù)其應(yīng)有的價(jià)值和魅力。
Looking at the art collection market in recent years, it can be seen that the Kangxi blue and white penholder, which has pushed the "penholder culture" to the peak in Wenwan Qinggong, is particularly eye-catching. This shows that with the development of China's economy, the traditional culture in Chinese civilization has been paid more and more attention, and the Kangxi blue and white penholder, as the "penholder king", has been sought after by collectors, It indicates that it is gradually recovering its due value and charm.
筆筒最早出現(xiàn)在漢代，盛興于明代晚期，是除筆、墨、紙、硯“文房四寶”之外的重要文房用品之一，有“文房第五寶”的稱謂。到清康熙時(shí)期，由于制瓷業(yè)高度發(fā)展，使得瓷質(zhì)筆筒大量出現(xiàn)，其中尤以青花筆筒最具時(shí)代特色。晚清鑒賞大師“寂園叟”(陳瀏，1863-1929年)曾經(jīng)贊賞它“頗有天趣”，意思是其能在瓷器繪畫(huà)中達(dá)到妙趣天然的效果。
Penholder first appeared in the Han Dynasty and flourished in the late Ming Dynasty. It is one of the important stationery besides the "four treasures of the study" of pen, ink, paper and inkstone. It has the title of "the fifth treasure of the study". In the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, due to the high development of porcelain industry, a large number of porcelain pen holders appeared, especially the blue and white pen holders. Chen Liu (1863-1929), a great connoisseur of the late Qing Dynasty, once praised it as "quite interesting", which means that it can achieve a natural effect in porcelain painting.
由于明崇禎時(shí)期的瓷質(zhì)青花筆筒受到文人推崇，加入了文人題材及繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格，因此畫(huà)面精美，紋飾清新，青花設(shè)色艷麗，器形構(gòu)思巧妙。康熙青花筆筒不僅沿襲了崇禎朝的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而且還將其發(fā)揚(yáng)光大。這一時(shí)期的文房用瓷燒造不僅以種類豐富、造型奇巧、制作精美、釉彩秀雅而名聞遐邇，而且還有青花、斗彩、五彩等多個(gè)品種，當(dāng)然最出彩的還是青花筆筒，它以圓筒形器形為主，口徑一般在十幾到二十幾厘米之間。1938年邵蟄民撰《增補(bǔ)古今瓷器源流考》記有“青花繪山水、人物、花卉及書(shū)辭賦之筆筒以康熙一代為最多”
Because the porcelain blue and white pen holder in Chongzhen period of Ming Dynasty was highly praised by scholars, adding literati theme and painting style, the picture is exquisite, the decoration is fresh, the blue and white color is gorgeous, and the shape is ingenious. Kangxi blue and white penholder not only inherited the advantages of Chongzhen Dynasty, but also carried it forward. During this period, the study porcelain firing was not only famous for its rich variety, ingenious modeling, exquisite production and elegant glaze color, but also for its blue and white, doucai, wucai and other varieties. Of course, the most brilliant one was the blue and white pen holder, which was mainly in the shape of a cylinder with a diameter of more than ten to twenty centimeters. In 1938, Shao Zhemin wrote a supplementary study on the origin of ancient and modern porcelain, which recorded that "the most blue and white brush containers for painting landscapes, characters, flowers and calligraphy and Fu were the Kangxi generation."
康熙青花筆筒的造型千姿百態(tài)，既有仿古又有創(chuàng)新，一般常見(jiàn)的是口底相若的圓筒形，另外還有撇口形、束腰形以及竹節(jié)式等。如1997年中國(guó)嘉德拍賣公司拍賣的 “康熙青花人物圖筆筒”(圖1)就是撇口形。此器直徑21厘米，撇口，平底，通體繪淡描人物圖，畫(huà)工精細(xì)，線條流暢，紋飾雋美，青花發(fā)色淡雅，人物生動(dòng)傳神。而束腰形一般是康熙朝的早期制作，大都口部施白釉。玉璧形底是最常見(jiàn)的，如高19厘米、2002年中國(guó)嘉德拍賣公司以30.8萬(wàn)元拍賣成交的“康熙青花開(kāi)光四季山水圖筆筒”
The shapes of Kangxi blue and white penholder are various, which are both archaic and innovative. Generally, the common shapes are the cylinder with the same mouth and bottom, as well as the mouth shape, waist shape and bamboo style. For example, the "Kangxi blue and white figure pen container" (Figure 1) auctioned by China Jiade auction company in 1997 is in the shape of a curled mouth. It has a diameter of 21 cm. It has a curly mouth and flat bottom. It draws figures in a light way. It has fine workmanship, smooth lines, beautiful decorative patterns, elegant blue and white hair color, and vivid characters. The waist shape was usually made in the early Kangxi Dynasty, most of which were white glazed. Jade Bi shaped bottom is the most common, such as the 19 cm high "Kangxi blue and white four seasons landscape painting pen pot" sold by China Jiade auction company in 2002 for 308000 yuan
此大清康熙年制二龍戲珠青花筆筒，筆筒尺寸為：高15.5厘米。口徑21.5厘米。底沿徑17.5厘米。直口、筒狀，釉面瑩潤(rùn)飽滿，胎骨細(xì)膩潔白，青花發(fā)色正，亮中稍灰。其通身繪二龍戲珠圖，畫(huà)工率真中不乏細(xì)膩：龍首昂然而立，龍爪遒勁有力，龍身似一張弓，張力十足，兩龍爭(zhēng)搶一顆龍珠，周邊附以云紋與火焰紋，極其生動(dòng)。
This blue and white penholder made in Kangxi of Qing Dynasty is 15.5cm high. The caliber is 21.5 cm. 5 cm. Straight mouth, tube shape, glaze Yingrun full, fetal bone delicate white, blue and white hair color is, bright in slightly gray. His whole body painting of two dragons playing with pearls is straightforward and exquisite: the dragon head stands high, the Dragon claws are powerful, the dragon body is like a bow, full of tension, the two dragons compete for a dragon ball, and the surrounding is attached with cloud pattern and flame pattern, which is extremely vivid.
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