元青花瓷(又稱元青花),即元代生產(chǎn)的青花瓷器。青花瓷生產(chǎn)于唐代,興盛于元代。成熟的青花瓷出現(xiàn)在元代的景德鎮(zhèn),紋飾最大特點(diǎn)是構(gòu)圖豐滿,層次多而不亂。元青花瓷大改傳統(tǒng)瓷器含蓄內(nèi)斂風(fēng)格,以鮮明的視覺效果,給人以簡(jiǎn)明的快感。以其大氣豪邁氣概和藝術(shù)原創(chuàng)精神,將青花繪畫藝術(shù)推向頂峰,確立了后世青花瓷的繁榮與長(zhǎng)久不衰。
Yuan blue and white porcelain (also known as Yuan blue and white), namely the blue and white porcelain produced in the Yuan Dynasty.Blue and white porcelain was produced in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty.Mature blue and white porcelain appeared in Jingdezhen of the Yuan Dynasty. The most prominent feature of its ornamentation is its full composition and its layers are many but not chaotic.The blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty greatly changed the implicit and introverted style of traditional porcelain, giving people a simple pleasure with bright visual effect.With its heroic spirit and original artistic spirit, it pushed the blue and white painting art to the peak and established the prosperity and enduring popularity of the blue and white porcelain in the later generations.
罐為直口,鼓腹,向下急收至底部。器型敦實(shí)厚重。白釉底色略含青。器身滿布紋飾,口部畫菊花,器身畫游魚水草,整個(gè)布局疏朗大氣,又疏密有致。此罐最可貴之處就是紋飾。游魚畫法精細(xì)又隨意,隨著游魚到來,下部水草飄動(dòng),水中其他雜草也上下移動(dòng)。魚背上的發(fā)色,筆路分明,為橫向涂抹,兩筆交接處色濃又有暈散,可看出畫工落筆時(shí)的從容。下部水藻婀娜多姿,運(yùn)筆幾乎一氣呵成。這也顯示了畫工嫻熟的技巧。青花發(fā)色淡雅,有鐵銹斑,濃淡相宜,過渡明顯,為典型的元青花發(fā)色。底部露胎有淡淡的火石紅,紅色鮮亮純正。
The pot has a straight mouth, a bulging belly, and is sharply drawn downward to the bottom.The shape is solid and thick.White glaze base color slightly green.The body is decorated with cloth, the mouth is painted with chrysanthemum, the body is painted with fish and water plants, the whole layout is clear and elegant, and dense.The most valuable thing about this jar is the ornamentation.Fish painting is fine and random, with the arrival of fish, the lower water grass fluttering, other weeds in the water also move up and down.The hair color on the back of the fish has clear brush path, which is applied horizontally. The junction of the two strokes is thick and scattered, which shows the calm of the painter.Lower algae graceful, almost one stroke.It also shows the skill of the painter.Blue and white hair color quietly elegant, iron rust spots, appropriate shade, obvious transition, for the typical yuan blue and white hair color.The bottom dew fetus has a light flint red, red bright and pure.
元代景德鎮(zhèn)陶工在繼承唐宋制瓷成就的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)新,彌補(bǔ)了形體上工藝粗糙的不足,使元青花更精美。元青花裝飾除主題紋飾特點(diǎn)鮮明之外,許多輔助紋樣也有著獨(dú)特的時(shí)代風(fēng)格,其中尤以變形蓮瓣紋和云肩紋表現(xiàn)最為突出。變形蓮瓣紋是最能代表元瓷特征的輔助紋樣之一,除元青花瓷之外,亦見于同時(shí)期景德鎮(zhèn)窯的卵白釉、青白釉產(chǎn)品以及元代龍泉窯青瓷裝飾之中,其畫法一般以外粗里細(xì)的兩道線勾勒蓮瓣的輪廓線,每片蓮瓣之間不相連,即留有一定的空隙,蓮瓣內(nèi)加繪有花朵、云朵、火焰或琛寶紋。琛寶也稱雜寶,元代雜寶紋常以火珠、犀角、古錢、銀錠、葫蘆、蓮花、靈芝等組成,但組合并不固定。這種變形蓮瓣紋多裝飾在器物的口邊、肩或足脛部,有繪一周的,也有在不同部位多繪至四周的,但都不作主題紋飾。云肩紋又稱如意云頭或靈芝頭,俗稱大云肩,多繪畫在器物的頸肩部,紋內(nèi)一般繪有各種繁密的動(dòng)植物紋樣,因其借鑒于元蒙貴族服裝上的肩部織繡紋樣而來,故而得名。The potters in Jingdezhen of Yuan Dynasty further innovated on the basis of inheriting the achievements of Tang and Song Dynasty in porcelain making, making up for the lack of rough craft in form and making the blue and white of Yuan Dynasty more exquisite.In addition to the distinctive motifs of the blue and white decoration of the Yuan Dynasty, many auxiliary motifs also have their own unique style of The Times, among which the deformed lotus petals and cloud shoulder patterns are the most prominent.Deformation lotus-shaped grain is one of the most can represent the yuan porcelain features the auxiliary pattern, in addition to yuan blue and white porcelain, also found in the same period jingdezhen kiln of egg white glaze, green products and the yuan dynasty longquan celadon celadon decoration craft, its general outside coarse in fine brushwork two line draw the outline of the outline of lotus-shaped line, not connected between every piece of lotus petals, which have a certain gap, lotus-shaped add painted flowers, clouds, flame, or source of treasure.Chenbao is also known as miscellaneous treasure. Yuan Dynasty miscellaneous treasure pattern is often composed of fireball, rhinoceros horn, ancient money, silver ingot, gourd, lotus, ganoderma, etc., but the combination is not fixed.This kind of deformed lotus petal pattern is mostly decorated on the mouth edge, shoulder or foot shin of the implements. Some are painted for a week, and some are painted to all around in different parts, but they are not used as the theme pattern.Cloud shoulder pattern is also known as ruyi cloud head or ganoderma head, commonly known as big cloud shoulder, mostly painted on the neck and shoulder of the vessel, generally painted with a variety of dense animal and plant patterns, because it borrowed from the Yuan and Mongolia aristocratic clothing on the shoulder embroidery pattern, so it got its name.
青花瓷是中國(guó)瓷器的主流品種之一,屬釉下彩瓷。青花瓷是用含氧化鈷的鈷礦為原料,在陶瓷坯體上描繪紋飾,再罩上一層透明釉,經(jīng)高溫還原焰一次燒成。在所有青花繪制的瓷器中最具藝術(shù)魅力還屬元青花,元青花之所以為世推崇,不只是因元代的瓷器,比元代早的、好的瓷器還很多,如唐代越窯秘色瓷、邢窯白瓷、宋代單色釉更是達(dá)到審美高度。
元青花的珍貴之處在于它的繪畫藝術(shù),元青花這特定時(shí)期出現(xiàn)的瓷種,在宋代湖田窯青白釉瓷的基礎(chǔ)上,更進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)胎質(zhì),以瓷胎為載體,以價(jià)比黃金的進(jìn)口鈷料為介質(zhì),以毛筆為工具,熟練的結(jié)合當(dāng)時(shí)制瓷工藝,完美的、淋漓盡致的把雜劇人文、花鳥魚蟲、山石江崖等紋飾圖案如中國(guó)畫寫意般的呈現(xiàn)在瓷器上。
這種特定時(shí)期的制瓷工藝及進(jìn)口青花料高溫下的呈現(xiàn)狀態(tài)恰到好處的和繪畫技法完美結(jié)合,所呈現(xiàn)出器形飽滿有張力、青花明艷有層次、繪畫淋漓有章法等等藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造性達(dá)到了巔峰。這是前無古人、后無來者的也難以逾越的藝術(shù)成就。這就是元青花價(jià)值所在。
Blue and white porcelain is one of the mainstream varieties of Chinese porcelain, which belongs to underglaze colored porcelain.Blue and white porcelain is made of cobalt ore containing cobalt oxide as raw material, painted on the ceramic body, then covered with a layer of transparent glaze, and fired by high temperature reduction flame.
Among all the blue and white painted porcelain, the Yuan blue and white porcelain is the most artistic charm.
Yuan blue and white for the world, not only because of the yuan dynasty porcelain, earlier than the yuan dynasty, good porcelain also many, such as the Tang Dynasty Yue Kiln secret color porcelain, Xing Kiln white porcelain, the Song Dynasty monochrome glaze is to achieve aesthetic height.
Yuan blue and white's precious is that it's painting art, yuan blue and white porcelain, this particular period left green white glazed porcelain kiln in song dynasty, on the basis of further improve TaiZhi, with porcelain body as the carrier, with price than gold import cobalt materials as medium, with brush tool, skilled in combination with the porcelain making technology, perfect incisively and vividly, the drama of the humanities, flower, such as rock hill decorative pattern on the China as a Chinese painting freehand brushwork in traditional Chinese painting.
The porcelain making process and the presentation state of imported blue and white materials at high temperature in this particular period are perfectly combined with the painting techniques, showing the full shape and tension, blue and white bright and colorful layers, painting and so on. The artistic creativity reaches the peak.
This is an unprecedented and insurmountable artistic achievement that has never been achieved before or since.
This is the value of yuan blue and white.
