“天啟通寶十一兩”是明朝熹宗皇帝執(zhí)政期間鑄造的，明朝天啟年間所鑄的“天啟通寶”，開(kāi)啟了我國(guó)古代錢(qián)幣背面版式多樣化的先河。
"Tianqi Tongbao 11 Liang" was cast during the reign of emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty. The "Tianqi Tongbao" was cast in the reign of emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty, which opened a precedent for the diversification of the back layout of ancient coins in China.
天啟通寶是明朝朱元璋時(shí)與嘉靖元年開(kāi)始鑄造的銅錢(qián)，是明代流通量最多的錢(qián)幣之一。明熹宗，天啟元年八月補(bǔ)鑄完其父年號(hào)錢(qián)“泰昌通寶”，隨即開(kāi)鑄天啟通寶。不少錢(qián)幣收藏愛(ài)好者，只知道有明代“天啟通寶”錢(qián)，而不太清楚元代也有“天啟通寶”錢(qián)。元至正十一年徐壽輝起義，攻占蘄水，建立政權(quán)，國(guó)號(hào)天完，年號(hào)治平。1356年，徐壽輝遷都漢陽(yáng)（今湖北武漢），1358年，改年號(hào)為天啟，鑄“天啟通寶”銅錢(qián)，有小平，折二，折三，面文楷書(shū)（折二又有見(jiàn)篆書(shū)者）書(shū)體端正，由于天啟作為年號(hào)的時(shí)間很短，鑄錢(qián)不多。為了區(qū)別這兩種“天啟通寶”，錢(qián)幣界就將其分別稱(chēng)為徐天啟和明天啟。
Tianqi Tongbao, one of the most popular coins in the Ming Dynasty, was coined during the reign of Zhu Yuanzhang and the first year of Jiajing. Emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty, in August of the first year of Tianqi, finished casting his father's name "Taichang Tongbao", and then started casting Tianqi Tongbao. Many coin collectors only know that there are "Tianqi Tongbao" money in Ming Dynasty, but they don't know that there was "Tianqi Tongbao" money in Yuan Dynasty. In the 11th year of Zhizheng period of Yuan Dynasty, Xu Shouhui revolted, occupied Qishui, and established political power, with the title of Tianwan and Zhiping. In 1356, Xu Shouhui moved his capital to Hanyang (now Wuhan, Hubei Province). In 1358, he changed the year number to Tianqi and cast "Tianqi Tongbao" copper coins. Some of them were Xiaoping, folded into two or three, and the regular script script in face script (there were seal script characters in the second part of the book) had a correct style. Because Tianqi was used as the year number for a very short time, there were not many coins. In order to distinguish these two kinds of "Tianqi Tongbao", they are called Xu Tianqi and tomorrow Qi respectively.
明熹宗，天啟元年八月補(bǔ)鑄完其父年號(hào)錢(qián)“泰昌通寶”，隨即開(kāi)鑄天啟通寶。
Emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty, in August of the first year of Tianqi, finished casting his father's name "Taichang Tongbao", and then started casting Tianqi Tongbao.
天啟二年設(shè)立了戶(hù)部寶泉局，名“錢(qián)法堂”，從此由戶(hù)部主管鑄錢(qián)。這時(shí)全國(guó)形成了三個(gè)造幣中心，分別為兩京及四川地區(qū)，但天啟三年（公元1628年），宦官魏忠賢專(zhuān)權(quán)，宦官亂政，濫鑄情況又出現(xiàn)，地方錢(qián)局大量出現(xiàn)，因此所鑄的天啟錢(qián)版本極多，差異大。錢(qián)背文大量的出現(xiàn)記地，記局，記重等形式。此前僅萬(wàn)歷時(shí)期出現(xiàn)過(guò)，但版本有限。所以明朝錢(qián)幣制式的復(fù)雜時(shí)期是從天啟年間開(kāi)始的。天啟年為了彌補(bǔ)財(cái)政的虧空，繼以往的方法，仍采用增加鑄錢(qián)量來(lái)解決。在這種情況下，全國(guó)各省錢(qián)局鑄造濫錢(qián)惡錢(qián)，好賺取利潤(rùn)。大量的輕劣錢(qián)摻入官錢(qián)充數(shù)，與明朝前期制錢(qián)力求精整美觀的傳統(tǒng)形成了鮮明的對(duì)比。
In the second year of Tianqi, the Baoquan Bureau of Hubu was established, which was named "Qianfa Tang". From then on, the head of Hubu made money. At that time, there were three minting centers in the whole country, namely Liangjing and Sichuan. However, in 1628, the eunuch Wei Zhongxian monopolized the power, and the eunuch disordered politics and coined indiscriminately, and a large number of local money bureaus appeared. Therefore, there were many versions of Tianqi coins. Qian beiwen appeared in a large number of forms, such as recording the land, recording the Bureau, recording the weight and so on. Before this, only Wanli period appeared, but the version is limited. Therefore, the complex period of Ming Dynasty coin system began from Tianqi period. In order to make up for the financial deficit in the year of Tianqi, we still adopted the method of increasing the amount of casting money to solve the problem. In this case, the money bureaus of all provinces in the country make money to make profits. A large amount of light and bad money was mixed into official money to fill up the money.
“天啟通寶”初鑄為小平錢(qián)，天啟二年七月開(kāi)鑄當(dāng)十大錢(qián)。天啟五年十月，因官私所鑄大錢(qián)過(guò)多過(guò)劣，下令停鑄，并由朝廷出白銀，回收當(dāng)十錢(qián)，大錢(qián)鑄期不過(guò)三年。
"Tianqi Tongbao" was initially cast as Xiaoping coin, and in July of the second year of Tianqi, it was the top ten coins. In October of the fifth year of Tianqi, due to the excessive amount and poor quality of the official and private coins, the government ordered to stop casting, and the imperial court issued silver and recovered it as ten coins. The period of big money casting was no more than three years.
元天啟錢(qián)“天”字飽滿有力，尤其一捺，剛勁有力，非大手筆不能為之；“啟”字繁體結(jié)構(gòu)中的“戶(hù)”字，非常特別為橫戶(hù)；“通”字和“寶”字有瘦金體風(fēng)味，顯然受宋錢(qián)“大觀通寶”和“崇寧通寶”影響較大。明“天啟通寶”錢(qián)“啟”字左上部的“戶(hù)”字，其上不是點(diǎn)，而是一橫，與下部“尸”字不相連，而元“天啟”的“啟”字上的“尸”字上方一橫是連接的，二者有明顯不同。這是鑒別明“天啟通寶”和元“天啟通寶”錢(qián)最明顯的特征。
The word "Tian" of Tianqi coin in Yuan Dynasty is full and powerful, especially if it is suppressed. It can not be done without a large amount of writing. The word "Hu" in the traditional structure of "Qi" is very special for Henghu; "Tong" and "Bao" have a thin and Golden style, which is obviously influenced by "Daguan Tongbao" and "Chongning Tongbao" in Song Dynasty. The word "Hu" in the upper left of Qian "Qi" in "Tianqi Tongbao" of the Ming Dynasty is not a dot, but a horizontal line, which is not connected with the word "corpse" at the lower part. However, the upper part of the word "corpse" on the "Qi" of "Tianqi" in the Yuan Dynasty is connected. There are obvious differences between the two. This is the most obvious feature of distinguishing "Tianqi Tongbao" in Ming Dynasty and "Tianqi Tongbao" in Yuan Dynasty.
此枚錢(qián)幣為明代天啟通寶，背十一兩，藏品品相完好，保存至今是錢(qián)幣珍藏不可多得的精品。
This coin is the Ming Dynasty Tianqi Tongbao, with 11 Liang on its back. The collection is in good condition. It is a rare and exquisite coin collection.
此件藏品現(xiàn)在展賣(mài)于藝品在線商城平臺(tái)中，據(jù)持寶人介紹說(shuō)，這件古錢(qián)幣是祖上傳下來(lái)的。曾讓專(zhuān)家老師鑒定過(guò)，絕世精品。在本公司得知其有這件罕見(jiàn)珍品，特邀其持這件古錢(qián)幣參加，現(xiàn)持寶人因資金周轉(zhuǎn)困難原因。忍痛割?lèi)?ài)愿將此件古錢(qián)幣委托本公司代其通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體進(jìn)行尋找買(mǎi)家。如對(duì)此藏品有興趣收藏者，可撥打企業(yè)聯(lián)系電話：400 686 3616進(jìn)行洽談。
The collection is now on sale in the art online mall platform. According to the treasure holder, this ancient coin was handed down by ancestors. It has been appraised by experts and teachers, and it is a masterpiece. We learned that he had this rare treasure and invited him to take part in it. Now the holder of the treasure has difficulty in capital turnover. We are willing to entrust this ancient coin to our company to find a buyer through network media on its behalf. If you are interested in this collection, you can call the enterprise contact number: 400 686 3616 for discussion.
