宣德?tīng)t，為明朝宣德年間創(chuàng)制的焚香之爐，通常用于陵墓、寺廟及權(quán)勢(shì)之家燒香，拜佛、祭祖神。明朝300年間，制作了不可勝數(shù)的器物，可稱(chēng)上乘之作。宣德?tīng)t作為其中的一種，可謂前無(wú)所師法，后無(wú)能為繼，不愧為天地間一精美絕倫的古董，是我國(guó)古代工匠智慧和藝術(shù)的結(jié)晶。
Jintong furnace for xuande emperor of the Ming dynasty created the incense of the furnace, is often used for tombs, temples and powerful family of incense and prayer, ancestor worship god. 300 years, the Ming dynasty made a number of artifacts, can be called masterpiece. Jintong furnace as one of them, without them, before is, for the following, after deserves a beautiful antique between heaven and earth, is the crystallization of the wisdom and art of ancient craftsmen in our country.
宣德?tīng)t的基本形制是敞口、方唇或圓唇，頸矮而細(xì)，扁鼓腹，三鈍錐形實(shí)足或分襠空足，口沿上置橋形耳或了形耳或獸形耳，銘文年款多于爐外底，與宣德瓷器款近似。宣德?tīng)t在宣德中期模仿宋代的燒斑，掩蓋了爐的本質(zhì)，就用一種外國(guó)產(chǎn)的鹵液浸潤(rùn)、擦拭、薰洗，把色彩變?yōu)橄灢琛５搅诵履┢冢瑒t更加顯示它自然色澤，著色更淡。后人評(píng)論說(shuō)，宣德?tīng)t有五等色:栗殼、茄皮、棠梨、褐色，而以佛經(jīng)紙的色澤為第一。鎏金的爐腹下鑄成祥云涌起的樣子，鎏金的爐口下部為祥云翻覆的樣子。至于雞皮色，則是著火氣長(zhǎng)了才出現(xiàn)的。
Jintong furnace is the basic shape of exposure, square or round lips and neck short, thin, flat drum abdomen, three blunt cone chronological or fork empty foot, mouth along the overhead bridge ears or the shape of the ear or beast ear, inion years more than the bottom outside the furnace, and jintong porcelain approximation. Jintong furnace burn spots in mid jintong imitation of the song dynasty, to cover up the nature of the furnace, with a foreign-made halogen liquid infiltration, wipes, the wash, the color into wax tea. By the end of the heart, more show its natural color and luster, color is more light. Later commented that, there are five jintong furnace such as color, chestnut shells, tomato, tangli, brown skin, and the color of paper is the first in buddhist sutras. Under the bosh of gold cast xiangyun surges, gold front lower for xiangyun was overturned. As for skin color, it is the internal heat longer.
文中此宣德?tīng)t正是呈現(xiàn)出厚重的佛經(jīng)色澤，銅質(zhì)細(xì)膩、純粹、堅(jiān)韌而有光澤。文中此宣德?tīng)t高6.5cm，直徑：7.8cm，通體以黃銅制成，銅質(zhì)精純，堅(jiān)實(shí)緊密，雙耳略微外撇，線形優(yōu)雅，張弛有度，腹部較為飽滿，底書(shū)“大明宣德六年工部尚書(shū)臣吳邦佐監(jiān)造”楷書(shū)款。其爐身形制規(guī)整，敦厚之中不失靈巧精致，作為書(shū)房陳設(shè)頗為雅致。焚香其內(nèi)，數(shù)百年歷史的厚重感隨香外溢。它通體光素，盡顯銅爐精純美質(zhì)，銅質(zhì)精良，入手沉甸。叩之悅耳，余音悠長(zhǎng)，甚是沁心，乃宣德香爐之中的精品，極具收藏價(jià)值。
In this paper the jintong furnace is deep color of buddhist sutras, exquisite, pure copper, tough and luster. In this paper the jintong furnace 6.5cm tall, weighs about 7.8cm, connect body made from brass, pure copper solid closely, ears out slightly, linear grace, relaxation, the belly is full, at the end of the book "da Ming xuande &industry six years history minister Wu Bangzuo supervisor" regular . Of the furnace body shape, neat, and do not break clever delicate, as studies display quite elegant. Thickness fragrant incense inside, hundreds of years of history of spillover. It perfect optical element, all show pure MeiZhi copper furnace, copper is excellent, with ChenDian. Knocking the sweet, lingering long, what is this heart, is the high-quality goods of jintong censer, extremely collection value.
據(jù)說(shuō)宣德?tīng)t的冶煉是十分講究的。所用材料以暹羅國(guó)進(jìn)貢的風(fēng)磨銅為主，兼有金銀等貴重礦物33種，經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)冶煉鑄造而成。古書(shū)記載普通銅器經(jīng)過(guò) 4煉就會(huì)現(xiàn)出珠光寶色。中國(guó)有名的寶劍干將莫邪也只經(jīng)過(guò)6煉。而宣德?tīng)t最低也要經(jīng)過(guò)6煉，精品可達(dá)12遍。據(jù)說(shuō)煉出來(lái)的銅質(zhì)細(xì)膩、純粹、堅(jiān)韌而有光澤。一斤銅經(jīng)6煉后可剩下半斤，而12煉后就只剩下四兩。古書(shū)中記載的這些鑄造大明宣德?tīng)t的方法和先秦等中國(guó)早些時(shí)候的煉銅方法是有所出入的。有些說(shuō)法現(xiàn)在看來(lái)似乎不可思議。
It is said that jintong of furnace smelting is very exquisite. Materials is given priority to with Siam tribute wind mill of copper, both gold and silver and other precious minerals 33 species, after repeated smelting casting. Ancient book record ordinary bronze after four earned can reveal pearl color treasure. China's famous sword ganjiang m-sword only after six. And lowest jintong furnace also should pass 6, high-quality goods can be up to 12 times. It is said that steel out exquisite, pure copper, tough and luster. A kilo of copper after 6 chains can rest half a catty, and 12 after only four two smelting. Ancient books recorded in the casting daming jintong furnace method and the pre-qin Chinese copper smelting method is somewhat earlier. Some now seems to be incredible.
