1911年12月29 日，經(jīng)辛亥革命后，已光復(fù)的17省代表在南京推選孫中山為中華民國臨時大總統(tǒng)。1912年1月3日，中華民國政府宣告成立，清朝滅亡，在中國持續(xù)2000 多年的封建君主專制隨之結(jié)束。民國成立時，由于幣制尚未建立，除四川改鑄大漢銀幣，福建改鑄中華元寶外，主要的造幣廠，大都仍沿用前清鋼模鑄造銀幣，以供流通需要。由于幣制混亂，臨時政府財(cái)政部長陳錦濤，于民國元年3月11日呈文大總統(tǒng)孫中山，鼓鑄1000萬元紀(jì)念銀幣以為整頓。圖案采用大總統(tǒng)孫中山肖像，以后的通用銀幣再改花紋式樣。孫中山令財(cái)政部行文，同意鼓鑄紀(jì)念幣，并命令其余的通用銀幣新花紋，“中間應(yīng)繪五谷模型，取豐歲足民之義，垂勸農(nóng)務(wù)本之規(guī)”，訓(xùn)令財(cái)政部速制新模，分令各省造幣廠照式鼓鑄。不久，財(cái)政部就頒下新模給江南(南京)、湖北、廣東等造幣廠依式鑄造，這就是“中華民國孫中山像開國紀(jì)念幣”的由來。
On December 29, 1911, after the revolution of 1911, 17 provincial representatives who had recovered elected Sun Yat-sen as the interim president of the Republic of China in Nanjing. On January 3, 1912, the government of the Republic of China was founded and the Qing Dynasty was destroyed. The feudal autocracy which lasted for more than 2000 years in China ended. When the Republic of China was founded, because the currency system had not yet been established, except for the silver coins of Dahan in Sichuan and Zhonghua Yuanbao in Fujian, most of the major mints still used the steel mould of the former Qing Dynasty to cast silver coins for circulation. Due to the confusion of the currency system, Chen Jintao, the finance minister of the interim government, submitted a letter to Sun Yat-sen, the president of the Republic of China, on March 11, the first year of the Republic of China, calling for 10 million yuan of commemorative silver coins for rectification. The design adopts the portrait of Sun Yat-sen, the president of the people's Republic of China. Sun Yat-sen ordered the Ministry of finance to write, agreed to drum cast commemorative coins, and ordered the rest of the general silver coins to have new patterns, "in the middle, a model of five grains should be drawn, taking the meaning of the rich, the old and the people, and following the rules of urging the farmers to do business", ordered the Ministry of finance to quickly make new patterns, and ordered the mints of all provinces to drum cast according to the patterns. Soon after, the Ministry of Finance issued a new model to Jiangnan (Nanjing), Hubei, Guangdong and other mints, which was the origin of "the founding commemorative coins of Sun Yat Sen of the Republic of China".
【藏品名稱】：中華民國開國紀(jì)念幣
[collection name]: commemorative coins of the founding of the Republic of China
【類別】：錢幣
Class: Coins
民國成立時，由于幣制尚未建立，除四川改鑄大漢銀幣，福建改鑄中華元寶外，主要的造幣廠，大都仍沿用前清鋼模鑄造銀幣，以供流通需要。由于幣制混亂，臨時政府財(cái)政部長陳錦濤，于民國元年3月11日呈文大總統(tǒng)孫中山，鼓鑄1000萬元紀(jì)念銀幣以為整頓。圖案采用大總統(tǒng)孫中山肖像，以后的通用銀幣再改花紋式樣。孫中山令財(cái)政部行文，同意鼓鑄紀(jì)念幣，并命令其余的通用銀幣新花紋，“中間應(yīng)繪五谷模型，取豐歲足民之義，垂勸農(nóng)務(wù)本之規(guī)”，訓(xùn)令財(cái)政部速制新模，分令各省造幣廠照式鼓鑄。不久，財(cái)政部就頒下新模給江南(南京)、湖北、廣東等造幣廠依式鑄造，這就是“中華民國孫中山像開國紀(jì)念幣”的由來。
When the Republic of China was founded, because the currency system had not yet been established, except for the silver coins of Dahan in Sichuan and Zhonghua Yuanbao in Fujian, most of the major mints still used the steel mould of the former Qing Dynasty to cast silver coins for circulation. Due to the confusion of the currency system, Chen Jintao, the finance minister of the interim government, submitted a letter to Sun Yat-sen, the president of the Republic of China, on March 11, the first year of the Republic of China, calling for 10 million yuan of commemorative silver coins for rectification. The design adopts the portrait of Sun Yat-sen, the president of the people's Republic of China. Sun Yat-sen ordered the Ministry of finance to write, agreed to drum cast commemorative coins, and ordered the rest of the general silver coins to have new patterns, "in the middle, a model of five grains should be drawn, taking the meaning of the rich, the old and the people, and following the rules of urging the farmers to do business", ordered the Ministry of finance to quickly make new patterns, and ordered the mints of all provinces to drum cast according to the patterns. Soon after, the Ministry of Finance issued a new model to Jiangnan (Nanjing), Hubei, Guangdong and other mints, which was the origin of "the founding commemorative coins of Sun Yat Sen of the Republic of China".
背面中央為中文隸書體“壹圓”及嘉禾，邊緣英文“中華民國”、“壹圓”，左右分列五角星(后改為六角星)。直線邊齒，俗稱“小頭”。該幣作為中華民國國幣發(fā)行，流通甚廣，數(shù)量較多。中華民國孫像開國紀(jì)念幣銀元，并非都是民國元年鑄造。民國16年、17年南京和天津造幣廠均有鑄造，但采用的全是“中華民國開國紀(jì)念幣”的年代。中華民國孫像開國紀(jì)念幣銀元，由于鑄造廠家不一，鑄造年代不同，雕刻師英語水平不高，除正背面主要圖案未變外，其花飾細(xì)節(jié)、英文字母均有變異，特別是英文字母差錯較多。這就形成了該幣的多種版別。傳世較廣的主要有兩種：一種是五角星版式，一種是六角星版式
In the center of the back is the Chinese clerical style "Yiyuan" and Jiahe, with the edge of the English "Republic of China" and "Yiyuan", with five pointed stars (later changed to hexagon star). Straight edge teeth, commonly known as "small head". As the currency of the Republic of China, it is widely circulated and has a large number. The silver dollar, the commemorative coin of the founding of Sun Xiang in the Republic of China, was not all minted in the first year of the Republic of China. In the 16th and 17th years of the Republic of China, the mints of Nanjing and Tianjin were all minted, but all of them adopted the "commemorative coins of the founding of the Republic of China". The silver dollar, the commemorative coin of the founding of Sun Xiang in the Republic of China, is not very good at English because of different foundries, different casting times, and the Engravers' English level. Except for the main patterns on the front and back, there are variations in the details of flower decorations and English letters, especially the errors in English letters. This resulted in a variety of types of the coin. There are two main types that have been handed down widely: the pentagram and the hexagon
華夏文明上下五千年，歷史文化源遠(yuǎn)流長。每一個歷史發(fā)展的階段都是我們國家成長的足跡，銀元也正是這歷史銀河中組成的重要部分。就其特定的歷史時期也使它在錢幣史上占據(jù)著重要的地位，它不僅代表著近代中國的貨幣文化，反映了我國近代歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)、金融的興衰和滄桑，具有很高的藝術(shù)觀賞價(jià)值和文物價(jià)值。
Chinese civilization has a long history of 5000 years. Every stage of historical development is the footprint of our country's growth, and silver dollar is an important part of this historical galaxy. Its particular historical period also makes it occupy an important position in the history of coins. It not only represents the currency culture of modern China, but also reflects the rise and fall of modern history, economy and finance of our country. It has high artistic value and cultural relic value.
這幾年藏友對孫中山開國紀(jì)念幣了解，銀元存世量少備受藏友青睞，藏友們對銀幣的青睞主要?dú)w因于以下三點(diǎn)：一是制作精美，觀賞性強(qiáng)；二是品種紛繁，選擇余地大；三是歷史時間短，容易入手，再加上制作量少，而清末以后戰(zhàn)亂頻頻，使銀幣的損耗極大，這三點(diǎn)對于收藏者來說，就具備了長期投資的可能性。
In recent years, Tibetans have known about Sun Yat-sen's founding commemorative coins. The small amount of silver coins is favored by Tibetans. Their preference for silver coins is mainly attributed to the following three points: first, they are beautifully made and have a strong appreciation; second, they have a variety of varieties and a large choice; third, they have a short history and are easy to get into their hands, coupled with a small amount of production. However, after the late Qing Dynasty, the frequent wars and chaos led to a great loss of silver coins For collectors, there is the possibility of long-term investment.
孫中山開國紀(jì)念幣是近代中國錢幣中的精品，有著歷史熏陶，是價(jià)值很高的革命文物，具有深遠(yuǎn)的歷史紀(jì)念意義；同時，還是考古和研究中國歷史文化難得的實(shí)物。 珍貴的孫中山“開國紀(jì)念幣”記錄了辛亥革命驚天動地的偉大歷史，由于歷經(jīng)百年風(fēng)雨，精品“開國紀(jì)念幣”存量不多。
The commemorative coins of Sun Yat Sen's founding are the fine works of modern Chinese coins, with historical edification and high value of revolutionary relics, with profound historical significance; at the same time, they are rare objects for Archaeology and research of Chinese history and culture. The precious "Founding commemorative coins" of Sun Yat-sen recorded the great history of the revolution of 1911. After a hundred years of wind and rain, the stock of fine "Founding commemorative coins" is not much.
