清文宗愛新覺羅·奕詝(1831—1861)，即咸豐帝，可謂是清代運(yùn)氣最不好的皇帝。咸豐元年(1851)，即爆發(fā)了轟轟烈烈、聲勢空前的太平天國農(nóng)民起義。咸豐帝剛剛登基。便要應(yīng)對有清以來前所未遇的危局，以致他此后11年的皇帝生涯始終處于內(nèi)憂外患中，極其不幸。他被稱為無遠(yuǎn)見、無膽識、無才能、無作為的“四無皇帝”，史家也找不出什么理由給他好評。他既沒有創(chuàng)出像其祖先康熙、乾隆等皇帝那樣顯赫的政績，也沒有寫出像他們那樣有影響的詩文。然而，有一點(diǎn)卻不能不說，咸豐朝所鑄大錢非常有名，是中國古錢幣的一朵奇葩，精美絕倫，被泉學(xué)名家孫仲匯先生譽(yù)為“清錢之王”，極具欣賞價(jià)值。且對研究中國乃至世界鑄幣史和金融史具有非常特殊的意義。
Emperor aixinjuelu Yichen (1831-1861), Emperor Xianfeng, was the most unlucky emperor in Qing Dynasty. In the first year of Xianfeng (1851), there was an unprecedented peasant uprising in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Emperor Xianfeng has just ascended the throne. He had to deal with the crisis that had not happened before the Qing Dynasty, so that his 11 years of emperor's career was always in internal and external troubles, extremely unfortunate. He is known as the "four no Emperors" who have no vision, courage, talent and action. Historians can't find any reason to praise him. He did not create the outstanding achievements of his ancestors, such as Kangxi, Qianlong and other emperors, nor wrote the influential poems like them. However, there is one thing that we can't help but say that the big money made in Xianfeng Dynasty is very famous. It's a wonderful flower of ancient Chinese coins. It's exquisite. It's praised as the "king of Qing money" by Mr. Sun Zhonghui, a famous spring scholar. It's of great appreciation value. It is of special significance to study the history of coinage and finance in China and even in the world.
【藏品名稱】：咸豐元寶當(dāng)百
[collection name]: Xianfeng Yuanbao dangbai
【類別】：錢幣
Class: Coins
太平天國起義是中國歷史上規(guī)模最大的農(nóng)民起義，前后持續(xù)長達(dá)14年，勢力擴(kuò)展達(dá)17省，重創(chuàng)了清王朝的統(tǒng)治。尤其是太平軍長期占據(jù)富庶江南的許多地區(qū)，使清政府的稅收大受損失，清政府又怕激發(fā)其他地區(qū)農(nóng)民暴動(dòng)，不敢輕易增重賦稅，造成財(cái)政極度緊張。為了鎮(zhèn)壓太平天國起義，清政府必須籌措大量軍費(fèi)，于是不得不采取一些非常措施，其中包括鑄行大錢。
The Taiping Uprising was the largest peasant uprising in Chinese history. It lasted for 14 years, expanded its power to 17 provinces, and severely damaged the rule of the Qing Dynasty. In particular, the Taiping army occupied many areas of the rich south of the Yangtze River for a long time, which made the tax revenue of the Qing government suffer a great loss. The Qing government was afraid of arousing peasant riots in other areas, so it was not easy to increase taxes, resulting in extreme financial tension. In order to suppress the uprising of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Qing government had to raise a large amount of military funds, so it had to take some extraordinary measures, including casting money.
咸豐三年(公元1853年)清政府被迫開鑄大錢，相繼推出“咸豐重寶”、“咸豐元寶”。為了迅速推行大錢，清政府在原有寶源、寶泉和各省錢局外，又設(shè)立熱河寶德局、江蘇寶蘇局、新疆喀什局等鑄錢局，還準(zhǔn)許克勤郡王設(shè)立捐銅局專鑄大錢。至咸豐四年，清朝政府開鑄的大錢有當(dāng)二、當(dāng)四、當(dāng)五、當(dāng)八、當(dāng)十、當(dāng)二十、當(dāng)三十、當(dāng)四十、當(dāng)五十、當(dāng)八十、當(dāng)百、當(dāng)二百、當(dāng)三百、當(dāng)五百、當(dāng)千等16種面值的錢幣。由于重量、大小無統(tǒng)一規(guī)定，同一面值的錢幣，往往因?yàn)殍T錢局不同而差別很大，或者同一鑄錢局出品的錢幣，因?yàn)殍T期不同而大小輕重不一，甚至出現(xiàn)同一鑄錢局的大面額的錢幣比小面額的錢幣還要小而輕的怪現(xiàn)象。此外，咸豐四年三月，戶部又先后鑄造當(dāng)一、當(dāng)五、當(dāng)十等三種鐵錢與鉛錢。
In the third year of Xianfeng (1853 AD), the Qing government was forced to cast large sums of money and successively launched "Xianfeng treasure" and "Xianfeng Yuanbao". In order to quickly promote the big money, the Qing government set up other money casting bureaus, such as Rehe Baode Bureau, Jiangsu Baosu Bureau and Xinjiang Kashi Bureau, outside the original Baoyuan, Baoquan and various money saving bureaus, and also allowed the prince of Keqin to set up a copper donation bureau to specially make big money. In the fourth year of Xianfeng, the Qing government made 16 kinds of coins of face value, including Dang 2, Dang 4, Dang 5, Dang 8, Dang 10, Dang 20, Dang 30, Dang 40, Dang 50, Dang 80, Dang 100, Dang 200, Dang 300, Dang 500, Dang 1000. Because there is no uniform stipulation on the weight and size, coins of the same denomination often differ greatly because of different coin casting offices, or coins produced by the same coin casting office vary in size and weight because of different casting dates, and even there is a strange phenomenon that coins of the same coin casting office with large denomination are smaller and lighter than those with small denomination. In addition, in March of the fourth year of Xianfeng, three kinds of iron money and lead money were successively cast in the household.
鑄行如此多的大錢，是清代各朝中絕無僅有的。大錢的鑄行，導(dǎo)致了嚴(yán)重的通貨膨脹，咸豐四年后，不得不下令停鑄當(dāng)千、當(dāng)百的大錢。據(jù)《清史稿》記載:“大錢當(dāng)千、當(dāng)百、以折當(dāng)過重，最先廢。當(dāng)百，當(dāng)五十緩廢。”可見咸豐元寶當(dāng)百大錢鑄行不久，目前流傳在世的不多，非常稀有。該枚咸豐元寶當(dāng)百，形制規(guī)整，大小合適，包漿老道，銹色自然，歲月流痕鮮明，流通使用痕跡明顯，歷史過渡性自然，為錢幣珍品。錢幣正面為漢文“咸豐元寶”四字，直讀;背面上下穿漢文“當(dāng)百”，左右穿滿文“寶蘇”。藏品雖已飽經(jīng)百年歷史的風(fēng)霜洗禮，幣面卻無太大的磨損，品相很好，十分精致，是當(dāng)百錢幣里的精品。咸豐年的錢幣在整個(gè)清代是最好的，此幣為咸豐錢幣中的精品，價(jià)值將更高一層，是錢幣收藏品中難得一見的珍品，值得收藏。
Such a large amount of money was cast, which was unique in the Qing Dynasty. After four years, Xianfeng had to stop casting thousands and hundreds of big money. According to the history draft of the Qing Dynasty, "a large sum of money should be a thousand, a hundred, and a discount should be too heavy, which is the first to be abolished." When one hundred, when fifty shall be postponed. " It can be seen that Xianfeng Yuanbao was not a long time ago when it was cast into a hundred big coins. At present, there are not many of them, which are very rare. The Xianfeng Yuanbao should be one hundred, with regular shape, proper size, old way of wrapping, natural rust color, distinct time flow marks, obvious circulation and use marks, and natural historical transition. It is a precious coin. On the obverse, there are four characters of "Xianfeng Yuanbao" in Chinese, which can be read directly; on the back, there are Chinese characters "dangbai" on the top and down, and around, there are full characters "Baosu". Although the collection has experienced the baptism of a hundred years of history, there is not too much wear on the coin surface. It is very delicate and looks good. It is a fine product among hundreds of coins. The coins of Xianfeng year are the best in the whole Qing Dynasty. This coin is the best of Xianfeng's coins. It will have a higher value. It is a rare treasure in the coin collection and is worth collecting.
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