兩臺主機(jī)(服務(wù)器)秘鑰登錄流程圖

我們從A主機(jī)(左邊)秘鑰登錄到B服務(wù)器(右邊)

A主機(jī)生成公鑰

生成公鑰私鑰，一般不需要特殊設(shè)置一路回車默認(rèn)下一步即可

> ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:+ims1qKnA9kAUbwuaGmGLdg+V4w1PMj7RO4gMHI7NCU root@JD
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|.+.              |
|. E .            |
|.  = o           |
|= = o *          |
|=%.o B oS        |
|O=O + =.         |
|+= o O.          |
|  + = *. .       |
|  oO.o .o        |
+----[SHA256]-----+

查看公鑰

> ls -al ~/.ssh
-rw-------   1 root root  1675 May  7 21:39 id_rsa //私鑰
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   389 May  7 21:39 id_rsa.pub //公鑰

> cat id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDULg8kwT2rW8Z/r0h5lvO6KziZWV1roM/0eKVnkxeKOF9A0JAL46WF4ZA2XsNfG2camxTekC0ZwArB6uvFQTR8RZtDCwdsdsdsds6K3ytR/FOzira6z+7xbk6LvPylaCLfjfMmta04Q7dsdsdsdsdsds5MDr7oY73TWt2XToDA3FynMnl9MQjO4SoTU/Z1PiKsdOoCnbeP/O6KL+6sh9tbd5HoPPLm8LtDCeebZNhvZSulsbeTFZ5Z+HzPLostXJVhRFtiwUlaemAhXngVdIB5D9feXCYdQiP3NM0zAI94XUFCFyaSnZdv3+OTqHmxJ root@local

id_rsa.pub公鑰要發(fā)送到B服務(wù)器。

B服務(wù)器添加A主機(jī)的公鑰

在B服務(wù)器對應(yīng)登錄賬號的家目錄下的.ssh/authorized_keys文件添加A主機(jī)的公鑰

比如我們要使用rumenz賬號進(jìn)行秘鑰登錄,就是配置
/home/rumenz/.ssh/authorized_keys

> cat /home/rumenz/.ssh/authorized_keys
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDULg8kwT2rW8Z/r0h5lvO6KziZWV1roM/0eKVnkxeKOF9A0JAL46WF4ZA2XsNfG2camxTekC0ZwArB6uvFQTR8RZtDCwdsdsdsds6K3ytR/FOzira6z+7xbk6LvPylaCLfjfMmta04Q7dsdsdsdsdsds5MDr7oY73TWt2XToDA3FynMnl9MQjO4SoTU/Z1PiKsdOoCnbeP/O6KL+6sh9tbd5HoPPLm8LtDCeebZNhvZSulsbeTFZ5Z+HzPLostXJVhRFtiwUlaemAhXngVdIB5D9feXCYdQiP3NM0zAI94XUFCFyaSnZdv3+OTqHmxJ root@local

給公鑰及目錄添加權(quán)限

> chmod 600 /home/rumenz//.ssh/authorized_keys
> chmod 700 /home/rumenz/.ssh

sshd服務(wù)安全配置

開啟秘鑰登錄

> vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes

重啟sshd服務(wù)

> service sshd restart

密鑰方式登錄成功后，再禁用密碼登錄

一定要秘鑰登錄成功后,再禁用密碼登錄。

> vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PasswordAuthentication no

> service sshd restart

秘鑰登錄測試

A主機(jī)的命令行輸入

> ssh rumenz@B服務(wù)器ip
Last login: Tue Mar 23 22:23:22 2021

配置正確,直接就可以登錄B服務(wù)器。