前言

瀏覽器越來越強大，從文字、圖片、到聲音、視頻、動畫與游戲都有了豐富的應用。H5之后，不僅僅是表現層，數據存儲與通訊能力也得到大幅度提高，并逐漸取得共識，形成了標準。

隨著能力越來越強，從直接編寫html，css，JAVAscript，到通過一些約定的規則來更好的分組開發，如基于es6、less、typescript等來開發，再應用一些輔助工具如gulp、webpack等構建，形成可模塊化開發，分工協作、編譯組合的能力。對比類似visual studio、Android Studio客戶端的開發工具，相關工作流程越來越一致。

1. 編寫html、css（含less）、JavaScript（含typescript）等
2. 編寫package.json（類似makefile文件）
3. 構建（webpack、glup等）

標準能夠讓大家跟隨，從最最樸實的共識開始，開放而后茁壯成長。

規則與概念很難建立，需要清晰定義邊界，并在執行中持續鞏固……

就目前為止標準化最好的仍然是H5系列，豐富的構建工具支持著H5的開發，這正代表著H5的崛起。

WeUI基于橙色技術棧開發

WeUI是騰訊提供的一個樣式框架，適合應用來制作與微信能夠更搭配的公眾號與小程序。基于MIT許可，提供了常用的如按鈕、進度條、導航、對話框、表單等組件，可簡化相關的設計工作。

環境準備

代碼路徑如下： https://github.com/Tencent/weui

WeUI使用了less來開發樣式，用Gulp管理工程。我使用的環境如下：

基本環境

直接下載weui后，編譯會報錯。需要修改一些內容。如下圖：

修改package.json版本

默認weui使用3.9.1版本的gulp來處理，需要將

修改gulpfile.js文件

gulp4.0對任務的定義，要求使用serial限定。

安裝weui依賴的包

按照提示分貝安裝如下包

查看相關的任務

編譯

編譯時，提示async要另外處理，可忽略。

修改了下gulpfile.js，確保返回異步結果。

然后執行gulp獲得如下結果。

測試

此時會自動打開瀏覽器，也可手工輸入http://127.0.0.1:8081

相關技術

H5,Css,Javascript就不提了，WeUI基于如下幾項技術，要有一些了解，便于更好的應用。

Zepto.js

http://www.zeptojs.cn/

類似于Jquery的庫，可以充分使用其選擇器，用起來上手較快。

less

http://lesscss.org

支持變量定義，支持文件引入，可以更好的用來分工協作來編寫好CSS。

gulp

weui使用gulp來完成項目的構建。必備的gulp只是還是很有必要。https://gulpjs.com/

Gulp的工作示意圖

# node --version
v14.9.0
# npm --version
6.14.8
# npm install --global gulp-cli
# npx mkdirp my-project
# cd my-project
# npm init
# npm install --save-dev gulp
# gulp --version
CLI version: 2.3.0
Local version: 4.0.2
# 

創建gulpfile.js

在根目錄下創建文件

function defaultTask(cb) {
    // place code for your default task here
    cb();
  }
  
  exports.default = defaultTask

應用

使用WeUI自然最好是從工程自帶的Exam開始，http://localhost:8081/example/ 如下先做一些簡單的應用介紹。

抽屜列表樣式

從源碼看，這里是WeUI的首頁樣式，一個抽屜列表樣式，通過gulpfile.js編譯為一個單頁應用。

默認使用的是這里的文件

H5代碼

<div class="page">
    <div class="page__hd">
        <h1 class="page__title">
            <img src="./images/logo.png" alt="WeUI" height="21px" />
        </h1>
        <p class="page__desc">WeUI 是一套同微信原生視覺體驗一致的基礎樣式庫，由微信官方設計團隊為微信內網頁和微信小程序量身設計，令用戶的使用感知更加統一。</p>
    </div>
    <div class="page__bd page__bd_spacing">
        <ul>
            <li>
                <div class="weui-flex js_category">
                    <p class="weui-flex__item">表單</p>
                    <img src="./images/icon_nav_form.png" alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="page__category js_categoryInner">
                    <div class="weui-cells page__category-content">
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="button" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Button</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <!--
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="input" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Input</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        -->
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="form" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Form</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="list" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>List</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="slider" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Slider</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="uploader" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Uploader</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </li>
            <li>
                <div class="weui-flex js_category">
                    <p class="weui-flex__item">基礎組件</p>
                    <img src="./images/icon_nav_layout.png" alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="page__category js_categoryInner">
                    <div class="weui-cells page__category-content">
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="article" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Article</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="badge" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Badge</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="flex" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Flex</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="footer" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Footer</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="gallery" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Gallery</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="grid" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Grid</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="icons" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Icons</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="loading" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Loading</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="loadmore" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Loadmore</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="panel" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Panel</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="preview" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Preview</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="progress" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Progress</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </li>
            <li>
                <div class="weui-flex js_category">
                    <p class="weui-flex__item">操作反饋</p>
                    <img src="./images/icon_nav_feedback.png" alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="page__category js_categoryInner">
                    <div class="weui-cells page__category-content">
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="actionsheet" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Actionsheet</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="dialog" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Dialog</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="half-screen-dialog" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Half-screen Dialog</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="msg" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Msg</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="picker" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Picker</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="toast" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Toast</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="top-tips" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>TopTips</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </li>
            <li>
                <div class="weui-flex js_category">
                    <p class="weui-flex__item">導航相關</p>
                    <img src="./images/icon_nav_nav.png" alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="page__category js_categoryInner">
                    <div class="weui-cells page__category-content">
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="navbar" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Navbar</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="tabbar" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Tabbar</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </li>
            <li>
                <div class="weui-flex js_category">
                    <p class="weui-flex__item">搜索相關</p>
                    <img src="./images/icon_nav_search.png" alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="page__category js_categoryInner">
                    <div class="weui-cells page__category-content">
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="searchbar" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Search Bar</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </li>
            <li>
                <div class="weui-flex js_item" data-id="layers">
                    <p class="weui-flex__item">層級規范</p>
                    <img src="./images/icon_nav_z-index.png" alt="">
                </div>
            </li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>

Javascript代碼

<script type="text/javascript">
    $(function(){
        var winH = $(window).height();
        var categorySpace = 10;

        $('.js_item').on('click', function(){
            console.log($(this),$(this).data('id'));
            var id = $(this).data('id');
            window.pageManager.go(id);
        });
        $('.js_category').on('click', function(){
            var $this = $(this),
                $inner = $this.next('.js_categoryInner'),
                $page = $this.parents('.page'),
                $parent = $(this).parent('li');
            var innerH = $inner.data('height');

            if(!innerH){
                $inner.css('height', 'auto');
                innerH = $inner.height();
                $inner.removeAttr('style');
                $inner.data('height', innerH);
            }

            if($parent.hasClass('js_show')){
                $parent.removeClass('js_show');
            }else{
                $parent.siblings().removeClass('js_show');

                $parent.addClass('js_show');
                if(this.offsetTop + this.offsetHeight + innerH > $page.scrollTop() + winH){
                    var scrollTop = this.offsetTop + this.offsetHeight + innerH - winH + categorySpace;

                    if(scrollTop > this.offsetTop){
                        scrollTop = this.offsetTop - categorySpace;
                    }

                    $page.scrollTop(scrollTop);
                }
            }

            var winH = $(window).height();
            var $foot = $('body').find('.page__ft');
            if($foot.length < 1) return;

            if($foot.position().top + $foot.height() < winH){
                $foot.addClass('j_bottom');
            }else{
                $foot.removeClass('j_bottom');
            }
        });
    });
</script>

依賴文件

<html>
<head>
    ...
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../style/weui.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="./example.css"/>
    ...
</head>
<body>
...
<script src="./zepto.min.js"></script>
<script src="./example.js"></script>
...
</body>
</html>

更新測試一把

1. 先修改gulpfile.js
2. 參考WeUI創建index.html與home.html
3. 編輯home.html

/**
 * 增加study的html數據
 */
gulp.task('build:study:html', function() {
    return gulp
    .src('src/study/index.html', option)
    .pipe(
        tap(function(file) {
            var dir = path.dirname(file.path);
            var contents = file.contents.toString();
            contents = contents.replace(
                /<links+rel="import"s+href="(.*)">/gi,
                function(match, $1) {
                    var filename = path.join(dir, $1);
                    var id = path.basename(filename, '.html');
                    var content = fs.readFileSync(filename, 'utf-8');
                    return (
                        '<script type="text/html" id="tpl_' +
                        id +
                        '">n' +
                        content +
                        'n</script>'
                    );
                },
            );
            file.contents = new Buffer(contents);
        }),
    )
    .pipe(gulp.dest(dist))
    .pipe(browserSync.reload({ stream: true }));
});

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cmn-Hans">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,user-scalable=0,viewport-fit=cover">
    <title>WeUI</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../style/weui.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../example/example.css"/>
</head>
<body ontouchstart>
    <div class="weui-toptips weui-toptips_warn js_tooltips">錯誤提示</div>

    <div class="container" id="container"></div>

    <link rel="import" href="./home.html">
    
    
    <script src="../example/zepto.min.js"></script>
    <script src="../example/example.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

<div class="page">
    <div class="page__hd">
        <h1 class="page__title">
            <img src="./images/logo.png" alt="WeUI" height="21px" />
        </h1>
        <p class="page__desc">Hello world WeUI, This is the first day to study.</p>
    </div>
    <div class="page__bd page__bd_spacing">
        <ul>
            <li>
                <div class="weui-flex js_category">
                    <p class="weui-flex__item">表單</p>
                    <img src="./images/icon_nav_form.png" alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="page__category js_categoryInner">
                    <div class="weui-cells page__category-content">
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="button" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Button</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <!--
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="input" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Input</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        -->
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="form" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Form</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="list" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>List</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </li>
           
            <li>
                <div class="weui-flex js_category">
                    <p class="weui-flex__item">搜索相關</p>
                    <img src="./images/icon_nav_search.png" alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="page__category js_categoryInner">
                    <div class="weui-cells page__category-content">
                        <a class="weui-cell weui-cell_active weui-cell_access js_item" data-id="searchbar" href="javascript:">
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <p>Search Bar</p>
                            </div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__ft"></div>
                        </a>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </li>
            <li>
                <div class="weui-flex js_item" data-id="layers">
                    <p class="weui-flex__item">層級規范</p>
                    <img src="./images/icon_nav_z-index.png" alt="">
                </div>
            </li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
    $(function(){
        var winH = $(window).height();
        var categorySpace = 10;

        $('.js_item').on('click', function(){
            var id = $(this).data('id');
            window.pageManager.go(id);
        });
        $('.js_category').on('click', function(){
            var $this = $(this),
                $inner = $this.next('.js_categoryInner'),
                $page = $this.parents('.page'),
                $parent = $(this).parent('li');
            var innerH = $inner.data('height');

            if(!innerH){
                $inner.css('height', 'auto');
                innerH = $inner.height();
                $inner.removeAttr('style');
                $inner.data('height', innerH);
            }

            if($parent.hasClass('js_show')){
                $parent.removeClass('js_show');
            }else{
                $parent.siblings().removeClass('js_show');

                $parent.addClass('js_show');
                if(this.offsetTop + this.offsetHeight + innerH > $page.scrollTop() + winH){
                    var scrollTop = this.offsetTop + this.offsetHeight + innerH - winH + categorySpace;

                    if(scrollTop > this.offsetTop){
                        scrollTop = this.offsetTop - categorySpace;
                    }

                    $page.scrollTop(scrollTop);
                }
            }

            var winH = $(window).height();
            var $foot = $('body').find('.page__ft');
            if($foot.length < 1) return;

            if($foot.position().top + $foot.height() < winH){
                $foot.addClass('j_bottom');
            }else{
                $foot.removeClass('j_bottom');
            }
        });
    });
</script>

gulp build:study:html
# 然后 瀏覽器訪問 http://127.0.0.1:8081

目錄結構如上

表單

基礎組件

操作反饋

導航相關

搜索相關

層級規范

總結

WeUI構造了可以較好與微信兼容的樣式，但是部分放到了Example里，如果要使用需要將example.css的，需要結合zepto.js和example.js一起完成交互。但是足夠幫助寫出一個相對不錯的H5應用。

但即便如此，也依稀看出產品意識的確不夠，形到而意不到。萬事果然最佳是相稱，意到而形不致，也是眼高手低。

改進點

https://github.com/gaussgao/weui-study.git

1. 明確設計概念
2. 給出應用使用手冊
3. 給出二次開發指引
4. 增加必備的導航樣式